When you carry out a stratified sampling technique If the sample is not randomly selected from the categories it is then called an opportunity sample.
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If you decided to put out an advert for participants it would be almost impossible to guarantee that every member of your target population has an equal chance of viewing the advert.
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A random sample involves identifying everyone in the target population and then selecting the number of participants you need in a way that gives everyone in the population an equal chance of being picked.
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Snowball sampling can be used if your population is not easy to contact.
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A further problem with opportunity sampling is that participants may decline to take part and your sampling technique may turn into a self selected sample.
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Opportunity sampling may simply consist of choosing the first 20 students in your library to fill in your questionnaire.
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Self selected sampling is also known as volunteer sampling.
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Sampling techniques can only be used for self report measures.
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Opportunity sampling consists of taking people randomly who are available at the time the study is carried out
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The type of participants who volunteer when using a self selected sample may not be representative of the target population for a number of reasons.
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Random sampling is the sampling technique most used by psychology students.
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Random sampling consists of taking the sample from people who are available at the time the study is carried out and fit the criteria your are looking for.
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Opportunity sampling can produce a biased sample as it is easy for the researcher to choose people from their own social and cultural group.
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Random sampling is the best technique for providing an unbiased representative sample of a target population.
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If you advertise for participants, say on a website, this is an example of a self selected sample.
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Self selected sampling is useful as it is quick and relatively easy to do.
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The population is the group of people who are chosen using the sampling technique.
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Stratified sampling involves classifying the population into categories and then choosing a sample which consists of participants from each category in the same proportions as they are in the population
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Random sampling is as a sample in which most members of the population have an equal chance of being chosen.