1. In the Milgram study on obedience, the subjects were observed to show a lot of tension.

 

(a) Give one example of the behaviour of the subjects that indicated extreme tension.

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(b) Milgram suggested that the tension was caused by the conflicts produced by the study. Outline one of these conflicts.

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2. (a) In the study by Milgram on obedience, how were the subjects recruited?

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(b) Outline one advantage of recruiting subjects in this way

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3. Milgram’s study on obedience is often criticised for being unethical, though Milgram himself made a robust defence of it.

 

Give two examples of how the ethics of this study can be defended.

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4. The level of obedience in the Milgram study was a surprise to the researchers.

 

Give four factors that were thought to contribute to this high level of obedience.

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5. One criticism of the Milgram study on obedience is that it is not true to life (i.e. that it lacks ecological validity.).

 

(a) Suggest one way in which the ecological validity of the Milgram study could be improved.

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(b) Give one example of the way in which people obey authority in real life.

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6. Psychologists sometimes make the distinction between situational and individual explanations of behaviour. Consider the Milgram study and

 

(a) Give a situational explanation for the behaviours of the teachers.

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(b) Give an individual explanation for the behaviour of the teachers

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7. (a) Outline one reason why Milgram’s study has been so controversial.

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(b) Outline one justification why Milgram carried out his study

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8. In this study of obedience, Milgram encouraged the participants to continue with the electric shocks.

 

(a) Outline one way in which Milgram encouraged his participants to continue

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(b) Describe one way in which the findings of the Milgram study can be applied to social control in every day life

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9. (a) From Milgram's study into obedience give one example of how he debriefed his participants.

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(b) Why is debriefing participants important?

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10. From the Milgram study on obedience, give one way in which the participants were deceived

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11. From Milgram's study on obedience, give four features of the study which explain the high level of obedience.

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12. Outline two features of the Milgram study on obedience which made it seem real to the participants

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13. From the study by Milgram on obedience:

 

(a) Outline one way in which the study had low ecological validity.

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(b) Outline one way in which the study had high ecological validity.

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14. Outline how obedience was measured in the study by Milgram.

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15. Suggest two factors which might explain the high levels of obedience found in Milgram's study of obedience.

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16. From the study by Milgram on obedience outline one piece of evidence which showed the participants were convinced of the reality of the situation.

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17. From Milgram's study of obedience:

 

(a) Describe the sample use.

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(b) Outline one limitation of this sample.

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18. Describe two features of the experiment by Milgram that may explain the high levels of obedience.

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