1. In the study by Loftus and Palmer, the subjects were shown film clips of car accidents.

 

Identify two differences between witnessing these film clips and witnessing a real accident and, for each difference, say how this might effect the results of the study.

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2. In the study by Loftus and Palmer on eyewitness testimony, the subjects gave different estimates of the speed of the cars depending on how the question was asked.

 

Give two explanations for this.

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3. The following table appears in the study by Loftus and Palmer on eyewitness testimony.

 

Give two conclusions that can be drawn from this table.

 

 

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4. The study on eyewitness testimony by Loftus and Palmer includes two experiments. In the second experiment, the use of verbs ‘smashed’ and ‘hit’ led to different responses from the participants.

 

(a) Outline one of these differences.

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(b) Give one explanation of why these differences were found.

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5. In the study by Loftus and Palmer (eyewitness testimony), the participants were shown film clips of car accidents.

 

Suggest two ways in which the ecological validity of this study could be improved.

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6. (a) In their study on eyewitness testimony. Loftus and Palmer suggested that two kinds of information go into a person's memory for a complex event.

 

Identify one of these two kinds of information.

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(b) What does the existence of these two kinds of information tell us about memory?

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7. In the Loftus and Palmer study on eyewitness testimony, the participants' estimations of speed varied according to the verb used.

 

Outline two possible reasons for this.

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8. Outline one finding from the study on eyewitness testimony by Loftus and Palmer.

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9. In the study on eyewitness testimony by Loftus and Palmer, the use of the verbs 'smashed' and 'hit' led to different responses from the participants.

 

(a) Outline one of these differences.

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(b) Give one explanation for that difference.

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10. In the study by Loftus and Palmer on eyewitness testimony, the participants were shown film clips of car accidents.

 

Outline two differences between witnessing these films and witnessing a real accident.

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11. From the study on eyewitness testimony by Loftus and Palmer outline two features of the procedure that were standardised.

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12. The table below shows the results from the second experiment by Loftus and Palmer.

 

Response to the question 'Did you see any broken glass?'

 

(a) Outline one conclusion from this table.

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(b) Explain the purpose of the control group in this experiment.

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13. Loftus and Palmer claim that memories are reconstructed from information received at the time of witnessing an event and information received after it.

 

Suggest how two findings from their experiment support this suggestion.

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14. From the study by Loftus and Palmer outline one conclusion that can be drawn about eyewitness testimony.

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